The Maori And Indigenous People Of New Zealand Essay

â€Å"The Maori† Introduction: The Maori are an unfriendly and indigenous people of New Zealand. They are culturally related to Eastern Polynesians. They call themselves â€Å"Tongata† meaning the usual or ordinary people. My quest is to give you some insight on their infrastructure, social structure, and super structure. We will take a look at how they survived through the years and also learn about their Tapu (sacredness). Their marriage system, kinship, religious beliefs, and more will be explored. Infrastructure: Subsistence: The Maori subsistence consisted of fishing, hunting and cultivation. They were expert hunters/gatherers and fisherman. They planted potatoes, taro, yams and gourds. (Latham, C. (2009). To catch fish they would create nets and traps they also used fishing line. They Maori gathered berries, roots, shoots and shellfish. Rats were also captured and eaten. During the winter season was when hunting was most important. The Kai (food) was from the Bush Rivers and the ocean. It was distributed among the people communally. (McKerchan C., Bower S., Heta C. Signal and Matoe, L. (2015) Economy/Settlements: The Maori today is a minority making up only about 10% of New Zealand’s population. . (Latham, C. 2009) In the beginning there were two types of settlements; Pa (fortified) and Kianga (unfortified). The Pa was where the people would go during times of war; located usually on a hill protected by platforms, Earth works and ditches. The Kianga were hamlets that were aboutShow MoreRelatedThe Purpose Of This Assignment Is To Show My Understanding1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this assignment is to show my understanding of the history of Aotearoa New Zealand, its broader practice, Oceania origins and later settlement experiences. Indignity means the ancestor, the culture, the language, and the land where sending original people onto the land. 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Three components:Read MoreEffect of Colonisation1701 Words   |  7 PagesMaori world views were encapsulated in Whakapapa, which provided them with their identity, in Whanau, Hapu, Iwi and Whenua, the land. Their world views also included believing in wairuatanga (spiritual connection to the natural environment), kaitiakitanga, which is that people are linked to all living and non – living things and it is the responsibility of the mankind to safeguard the ecosystem. In addition, they believed in oneness (kotahitanga) and manaakitanga - the ability to care for othersRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Representation For Maori1248 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography: Representation for Maori in Parliament Source Citation Douglas, G. (2010) Social and Cultural Meanings of Tolerance: Immigration, Incorporation and Identity in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 125-148. This article examines the attitudes that New Zealanders have developed in response to immigration patterns and policy. Exploring how social hierarchy and ethnicity shape immigration tolerance through economic inequality concernsRead MoreAustrali The Smallest Continent Between The Indian And Pacific Ocean And Is A Nation Of Many Contrasts1376 Words   |  6 PagesCanberra is the capital, other cities like Sydney, which is the largest city in the country, have more influence both locally and internationally. â€Å"Australia was once a British colony and after its discovery in 1788 people from Great Britain settled there. In the past decades, people from all over the world have come to Australia. Today it is a multicultural society and the continent is also one of the richest countries in the world. It produces wool and meat on one side, as well as gold, bauxiteRead MoreNew Australia And New Zealand Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pages New Zealand had often been regarded within the global community as an idyllic island paradise with very little national troubles. While the former may be true, the British colonization of new Zealand in 1841 created many problems between the british settlers and the indigenous Maori. Many of these grievances have yet to be reconciled with numerous social issues still facing urban Maori today. While is new Zealand still coming to terms with its biculturalism and addressing the issues surroundingRead MoreTourism Is A Tool Of Cultural Colonisation1341 Words   |  6 Pageslife as a national identity to be explored; this includes Maori customs as well as the relatively laid-back nature of New Zealanders. Travel guides date back to the 1830s and continue to be among the first things foreigners peruse regarding a place they are visiting. Travel guides also exist as a snapshot of the social context within which they were written. In 1959, New Zealand had a Labour-led government and a popu lation of 2,395,700 people. This government had a focus on maintaining this clean,Read MoreThe Maori Tribe Of New Zealand1556 Words   |  7 PagesThe Maori tribe arrived in New Zealand during the 13th century. Upon their arrival, the Maori people came across a land quite different from what they originally had been accustomed, learning to adapt to the new climate and the hunt for land mammals is how the tribe survive for years. The Maori people are recognized for their tribe proud spirit, great navigating skills using starts and oceans, and a sense of history that isolates them from every other tribe. The Maori indigenous people migrated

Emotional Intelligence The Intelligence Quotient Essay

Intelligence Quotient was long in the past claimed to dominantly measure the success of individual. However, that conception has been proved to be incorrect since a number of research about Emotional Intelligence were published. They have shown the significant roles of Emotional Intelligence in massive areas which outnumber Intelligence Quotient. Hospitality is among the areas surviving on customer satisfaction, so Emotional Intelligence is really essential helping employees to maintain outstanding performance and enhance relationships with customers. On the other hand, social intelligence has another area, social neuroscience, to get an insight into its nature, from which hospitality people can take advantage to manipulate emotions at the biological-deep level to reach positive social results. Emotional Intelligence, as defined by Reece (2014), is an ability to understand and employ emotional and behavioural factors to achieve success in social relationships, which is broken down into two dimensions: personal competence and social competence. While personal competence concerns the capability of navigating individual’s emotions to a direction that makes it harmonious with rational reason, social competence deals with perceiving other’s emotions to employ interpersonal skills to produce desirable outcomes. Without understanding of the relationship between our own sources of emotions and their effects on ourselves, we are not able to either manipulate them or dealing withShow MoreRelatedEmotional Intelligence ( Eq ) And Emotional Quotient Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesBobby Lindsey Mrs. Ehlers CollegeNow Comp 151 18 September 2016 Emotional Intelligence Many people ponder about the question â€Å"What is Emotional Intelligence (EI) or Emotional Quotient (EQ) and how is it different from Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?† Many people know about Intelligence Quotient or IQ and they probably hope to have a high one, but they may not realize there is also something called EQ and it plays a role in people’s lives every day. EQ is an important concept to learn and understandRead MoreEmotional Intelligence : The Intelligence Quotient ( Iq ) Essay2044 Words   |  9 Pagessome sort of type of intelligence. Many people are familiar with the Intelligence Quotient (IQ), a tool that measures a person’s intelligence based on a series of tests (IQ, 2016), but and very few may have heard of Emotional Quotient (EQ) (also referred to as Emotional Intelligence or EI) even existed. Emotional intelligence is becoming more and more important nowadays than when it was first introduced by Dr. Daniel Goleman in 1995 in the bestseller book Emotional Intelligence, Why It Can Matter MoreRead MoreSocial And Emotional Intelligence Quotient1195 Words   |  5 PagesSocial and emotional intelligence refers to the quotient of competency one possesses in the areas of self-awareness and social awareness. With the ability to be crafted throughout the course of one’s life, SEI is a learned skill or cognitive skill. Thus, one can alter his/her social and emotional intelligence quotient (SEIQ), making it subject to either improvement or decline. SEI is divided into two separate categories of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal. The Intrapersonal category relates to one’sRead MoreThe Importance Of Emotional Intelligence And Emotional Quotient Is Influenced By People Surrounding You812 Words   |  4 PagesThe EiQ assessment was in itself a big challenge to me. I have been a rational person all my life. In my opinion, Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Quotient is influenced by people surrounding you. With this assumpt ion, I would like to review this EiQ assessment. According to the EI assessment some of my greatest emotional strengths are self-awareness, high value integrity, empathy, good impulse control, healthy coping skills and healthy level of self-esteem. I would say the result in exactlyRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Personal Intelligence1571 Words   |  7 Pagesthe task to explain emotional intelligence, and give two (2) example of the concept. Second, to examine, the concept of â€Å"emotional quotient† compared to traditional â€Å"intelligence quotient.† Third to suggest two to three (2-3) reasons why leaders’ need emotional intelligence to manage today’s workforce, as well as to speculate on at least two (2) possible consequences should a leader not possess emotional intelligence. Fourth, to explore the elements of emotional intelligence that leaders must beRead MoreEssay on Emotional Inteligence1124 Words   |  5 Pagesthe idea of emotional intelligence. This concept was firstly developed by two American university professors, John Mayer and Peter Salovey (1990) and they concluded that, people with high emotional quotient are supposed to learn more quickly due to their abilities. Another psycologist named Daniel Goleman (1995) extended the theory and also made it well-known. In his articles and books, he argued that people with high emotional quotient do better than those with low emotional quotient. In this essayRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Psychological Intelligence1493 Words   |  6 Pagescalled â€Å"emotional intelligence† which puts you in tune with not only your emotions but the emotions of others as well. This paper will fully explain â€Å"emotional intelligence† along with examples of the concept, examine the theories of â€Å"emotional intelligence† compared to traditional â€Å"intelligence quotient†, suggest reasons why leaders’ need emotional intelligence in today’s workforce, speculate on the consequenc es when leaders do not possess emotional intelligence, explore elements of emotional intelligenceRead MoreEmotional Intelligence Performance And The World Of Academia Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesEmotional Intelligence Introduction Traditionally, the applicant with the higher Intelligence Quotients (IQs) places first in the employment arena. However, Human Resource Managers indicate that candidates with high IQs, but less than desirable Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EQ) may be questionable in job performance and the world of academia. The purpose of this paper is to define, discuss, and provide examples of emotional intelligence and theories significant to the subject. AdditionallyRead MoreEmotional Quotient1145 Words   |  5 PagesSTUDY SKILLS/PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PORTOFOLIO EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENT By: Name: Andre Suryana Yahya Class: Dip15C Student No.: DipBA1509 Emotional quotient is the ability to sense, understand, and effectively apply the power of your emotions to build relationships compatibility (Estes, 2009). Emotional Intelligence is one of emotional quotient which is very important to allow us to be successful in managing our lives, environment, and the people around us since EQ will helps us to controlRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Effective Leadership1107 Words   |  5 PagesEmotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to manage one’s emotions in an intelligent manner such that they do not affect the decision-making process. It is also the ability to understand other people emotions, to know the reason for their behaviors and thus be able to communicate with them (Mayer, 2006). Emotional intelligence involves one’s proficiency in realizing and then being able to behaviors, moods and impulses and thus managing

Rediscovering SWOT Integrative Nature †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Rediscovering SWOT Integrative Nature. Answer: Introduction: There are a number of main strategy development tools which are used by organisations for determining various micro and macro factors that affect their business. The companies use these tools to create strategies for addressing current and future business issues and improving the performance of the firm. This paper will discuss three of the most common strategy development tools which are used by organisations across the globe which include Porter five forces model, Resource-based view model and SWOT analysis. In order to understand how each of these models is used, examples of companies from different industries will be analysed in the essay. This essay will evaluate the examples of Woolworths Limited, Honda and BHP Billiton for understanding Porter five forces model, Resource-based view model and SWOT analysis respectively. The five forces model was developed by Michael Porter in 1979, and it assists companies in evaluating the competitiveness of an industry. The potential entrants, substitutes, industry competitors, buyers and suppliers are included in five forces which are useful means of analysing industrial environments and these factors also assists companies in selecting effective strategies for generating a competitive advantage (Jurevicius, 2013). The competition in the industry is an important force because a large number of competitors and their capabilities threaten a corporations profitability. The potential of new entrants is increased if there is a requirement of less time and money and increase in new entrants resulted in increasing competition of an enterprise which negatively affects its growth. The power of suppliers is referred to the ability of suppliers in the industry to raise prices of goods and services (Moreno-Izquierdo, Ramon-Rodriguez and Perles-Ribes, 2016). The power of buye rs is referred to customers ability to drive up prices of products and services. Suppliers power deals with the ability of suppliers to increase the prices of raw materials or services. The threat of substitutes is referred to alternative products or services that can be purchased by customers in place of a companys products which increases competition for the firm. Example Woolworths Limited operates in Australian retailing industry and it is the second largest firm in Australia in terms of revenue. The bargaining power of suppliers low because there are a large number of suppliers available in the industry and the company enters into a contract with them due to which they cannot hike their prices (Arli et al., 2013). The power of customers is low to medium because there are no switching costs for customers. However, customers rely on Woolworths because it offers high quality fresh food products. The threat of new retailers is low because initial investment is high and heavy competition from established market leaders such as Coles, ALDI, Big W and others (Keith, 2012). The threat of substitutes is low to medium because customers can easily purchase products from Woolworths competitors. The competition rivalry is high in the sector because a large number of competitors operate which offers competitive pricing such as Coles, Big W and ALDI. Resource-based View Model Analysis Resource-based view (RBV) model is used while analysing and interpreting resources of a company in order to understand how organisations achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in the industry. The RBV model primarily focuses on the theory of difficult-to-imitate characteristics of an enterprise for analysing sources which have superior performance capabilities which result in providing a competitive advantage of the firm (Nason and Wiklund, 2018). Resources which not be purchased by an enterprise and require an extended learning curve are more likely to be customised as per the companys requirements, and they are more difficult to be imitated by the competitors. The RGV model focuses on an inside-out look at the companys resources and analyses why they succeed or failed in the marketplace. Resources which pass the VRIO model have characteristics of generating a competitive advantage. Both tangible and intangible resources can provide a competitive advantage to an enterprise. The VRIO model analyses resources which are valuable, rare, inimitable and organised (Bromiley and Rau, 2016). This model is used by the top-level management, and they use it by analysing attributes of different resources of the firm and leveraging the once which incorporates characteristics of VRIO model. Example Honda is one of the largest engine manufacturers in the world, and it uses RBV strategy to maintain its competitive advantage in the industry. The company has developed a business strategy which revolves around its strength, expertise and capability in building petrol based engines. The corporation started its operations by building small clip-on engines for bicycles. It expanded its operations by manufacturing engines for scooters and motorbikes. Based on the effectiveness of its resources, the corporation started launching generators, marine engines, car engines, lawn and garden equipment and jet planes (Madhani, 2010). Each of these products required different levels of experience and product knowledge, however, Honda leverages its unique capability to build world-class petrol based engines. SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method which is used by organisations for evaluating strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a business. It assists in analysing factors that affect the success or failure of our business. The strengths and weaknesses of an enterprise are its internal factors whereas opportunities and threats include external factors (Bell and Rochford, 2016). The internal strengths of a company include positive working environment, leadership effectiveness, and human resource abilities. External opportunities include changing interest rates, relaxation in government regulations, and high competition. This model is used by top-level management of a company. It assists management in developing business strategies that are based on their internal strengths and external opportunities which assist them in improving their profitability and generating a competitive advantage. Example BHP Billiton is an Anglo-Australian mining, metal and petroleum company. The company uses SWOT analysis while developing future business strategies. The strengths of BHP include strong market position, diversified revenue stream, strong international presence, strong workforce and effective corporate social responsibility structure which positive influence its brand image (Pellegrino and Lodhia, 2012). The companys weaknesses include past workplace accident cases which affect its brand image and government intervention in operation. External opportunities include expansion in copper and coal sector, acquisition of smaller enterprises, and associations with global companies. External threats include a reduction in export demand in foreign countries due to improvement in in-house production and intense competition (Floris, Grant and Cutcher, 2013). In order to address these issues, the company focuses on acquiring small enterprises, and it uses effective marketing scheme to in crease its international market. In conclusion, management uses different strategy development tools for analysing micro and macro factors that influence a firms operations. Effective evaluation of these tools provides crucial information to the management which assists them in selecting competitive strategies. Porters five forces framework, Resource-based view model and SWOT analysis are three of the most common strategy development tool which enables management in developing strategies that are focused to addressing business issues and generating a competitive advantage for the company. References Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R. and Soldo, E. (2013) Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business Accountancy Ventura,16(1). Bell, G.G. and Rochford, L. (2016) Rediscovering SWOTs integrative nature: A new understanding of an old framework.The International Journal of Management Education,14(3), pp.310-326. Bromiley, P. and Rau, D. (2016) Operations management and the resource based view: Another view.Journal of Operations Management,41, pp.95-106. Floris, M., Grant, D. and Cutcher, L. (2013) Mining the discourse: Strategizing during BHP Billiton's attempted acquisition of Rio Tinto.Journal of Management Studies,50(7), pp.1185-1215. Jurevicius, O. (2013) Porters Five Forces. [Online] Strategic Management Insight. Available at: https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/porters-five-forces.html [Accessed 19 April 2018]. Keith, S. (2012) Coles, Woolworths and the local.Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies,2, pp.47-81. Madhani, P.M. (2010) Resource based view (RBV) of competitive advantage: an overview. The ICFEI University Press. Moreno-Izquierdo, L., Ramn-Rodrguez, A.B. and Perles-Ribes, J.F. (2016) Pricing strategies of the European low-cost carriers explained using Porter's Five Forces Model.Tourism Economics,22(2), pp.293-310. Nason, R.S. and Wiklund, J. (2018) An assessment of resource-based theorizing on firm growth and suggestions for the future.Journal of Management,44(1), pp.32-60. Pellegrino, C. and Lodhia, S. (2012) Climate change accounting and the Australian mining industry: exploring the links between corporate disclosure and the generation of legitimacy.Journal of Cleaner Production,36, pp.68-82.

The network society Essay Example

The network society Paper With this rise in the service sector employment there was an inevitable rise in stability in that sector. However this, lead to an increase in both upper and lower levels of the occupational structure. There was an upgrade of the occupational structure in terms of jobs that require increased skill and higher levels of information. (Castells, M. 1996: pp229) The dominance of service sector employment through information technology has lead to significant managerial developments. Call centres and telecentres are workplaces, which are designed and operate with the aim of providing telephonic customer service. These workplaces depend upon state of the art communication and information technology. (Wyatt et. al, 2000: pp184) By incorporating these technologies into the once purely human service the employer is able to monitor the agents efficiency and output in terms of customer interaction. The demand of for customer service outside working hours (Wyatt et. al 2000: pp185) has actually reshaped the working day of the call centres agents and in doing so they have reshaped and it could be said that they have taken control of their social patterns. We will write a custom essay sample on The network society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The network society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The network society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The ambition to make every form of work controllable in order to gain a clear indication of efficiency, which can be accounted for on balance sheets, has been an ongoing process since the industrial revolution. This goal of achieving some sort of measurement system has always been achieved through technology. The question is can we attach any form of economic valuation system to a human service? The technology that is used in telecentres are being specifically designed to supply demands for technology which will be able to generate high levels of management information on performance of the individual telecentre agents (Wyatt et. al 2000: pp186) The unpredictability of the of human element in the workplace has been a taunting management ever since the workplace came into being and attempts of gaining control has been pursued ever since. Here again we see the controlling feature of a capitalist system. The question lies whether this was the reason for the transformation. Previous control of efficiency and output was gained trough the commitment of the worker which was determined by job satisfaction, in these call centres however the commitment toward the job is gained through control which is achieved by the monitoring which are common on a Fordist assembly line. In a common factory setting the worker is required to detach himself from his emotional state and attitude and adopt one that will allow them to perform the job most efficiently, this system is being brought into service sector employment by training the agents on specific techniques and attitudes in order to achieve maximum output. There isnt so much a move from manufacturing sector employment to service sector employment but merely a transformation of the service sector to ensure the control and output principals that the manufacturing sector works under. With this flexibility that the network society demands comes the issue of weakening of social intuitions and organisations that served to speak for the worker and even represent the worker. With outsourcing and contractual employment there has been a significant reduction of representation power. The fragmentation of work makes the worker to an extent expendable hence removing their control of the job itself. This fragmentation coupled with the outsourcing of labour renders unions and those they represent powerless. Castells also claims that the unions inability of unions to adapt to the changing worker and organisation has rendered them powerless. He goes on to emphasis that the new network technologies could be just as helpful the unions as it is to organisations in that they can organise labour anywhere and any time. (Castells, M. 1996: pp278). There is said to be strength in numbers, and the capitalist system has noticed this and adopted the warfare strategy of divide and conquer by this I mean there has been a polarisation of the individual in the work environment. With heightened surveillance options at their fingertips management has no need to have workers collectively together to ensure supervision hence work is organised to ensure greater autonomy. It is this transformation of work, the individualisation of labour that Castells (1996) underscores in his work on the Information Age (Castells, M. 1996: pp265). Castells emphasises that this technological transformation especially exacerbates the trend towards increased flexibility of labour. This flexibility is hidden behind the illusion of home-based work and the ability for a work environment to co-exist in a social environment. Capitalism deceptive nature is thus shown again. From control of the occupational environment capitalism goes to the next stage with an attempt to control the culture of society. Culture plays a vital role in the way we think which determines what we consume. The capitalist system has used technology of the Network Society to shape our cultures to suit their needs and objectives. It is an indirect way of shaping and directing our thoughts and emotions. According to Castells our culture is shaped by communication. Previously our languages were our form of communication in the written and heard form, however with the emergence of network technologies the earliest of which was the television (networked through the media channels) the heard written and seen are combined in order to grant the ability to convey views, beliefs and emotions (Castells, M. 1996: pp328-329). Through his writing on The culture of real virtuality Castells shows how communication technologies have become part of our lives (Castells, M. 1996: pp327-375). He however fails to address the avenue of the liberation of society due to the abundance of information and media avenue available. I on the other hand feel that it should be address due to the fact that people have that frame of mind instilled in them which is misleading. Sure there is the element of choice in the media and we choose what we watch, but the communication industry, mainly the media (which includes the internet) is a business like any other and it will broadcast what is profitable. This profitability is determined by information on individuals. It acts on human characteristics such as curiosity and amazement. So whatever amazes us and whatever we enquire about is always best for us. By feeding human character traits our thoughts and in turn our cultures are reshaped to that which exists in the virtual world and suits the capitalistic system. Pierre Levys book, Cyber Culture, (Levy,P : 1997) provides one of the most coherent and persuasive expressions of the contemporary technocultural vision. Levy argues that knowledge is no longer abstract but has become the visible and the tangible expression of the individual and groups who inhabit it; interactive networks work towards the personalisation or incarnation of knowledge (Levy, P. 1997: pp184). This ability to reshape our cultures in effect influences and affects our political ideals. The ability of the Networks and Society to be accessed by politicians has made it a vital breeding ground for election campaigns. The media space has become a battlefield for politicians with weapons such as negative messages, scandal, spin, political marketing and legitimacy (Castells, 1996 : pp362). The political struggle is dependent on the media to such an extent that the media determines consequences, actions and ideals. (Castells. 1996 : pp476). This leads me to the issue of access to the media; by this I mean that media campaigns cost allot money and if the outcome of a campaign is determined by the best media campaign, which in effect depends on the availability of capital, we can assume that those with the money determine political outcomes. We covered all the elements of the network society except for the concept of time which is linked to Castells theory of the space of hows. I have left these two aspects to the end because they actually reveal the capitalist ambitions for control through the network society. Time and space has always been factors of production, which have only been regarded as such fairly recently. New technologies and initially compressed geographical space by reducing relay time of communication. The whole ordering of meaningful events looses its internal chronological rhythm, and becomes arranged in time sequences depending upon the social context of their utilisation (Castells, M. 1996: pp462). Here we see that time itself, an uncontrollable element of human existence, which was thought to be uncontrollable is manipulated to suit consumer trends in order to achieve the ultimate goal of the capitalist system. The capitalist system has thus gained control of the time, which governed the consumers purchasing habits. With new network technologies there is now a twenty-four hour day, which does not consist of, designated times to do specific tasks (Evident in the flexible workers of the network society). This pursuit for control has lead to the relinquishing of control that space has over us. This has lead to the movement from Castells (1996) space of places to the space of flows (Castells, M. 1996: pp276). Space has been a concept, which has been used to emphasize time simultaneity which is based on physical distance between actions, which determine the ability to accomplish various tasks simultaneously. This concept however has changed with technology in the sense that the ability to accomplish more than one task at the same time is no longer bound by vicinity between tasks (Castells, M Inch. 2003: pp56). This space of flows is not just about telecommunication technology but also the pursuit of technology to link places together to achieve the common ambition (eg. Stock Markets). Castells argues that the reason access to this technology in order to form part of the network is not a matter of availability but a matter of choice (Castells, M Inch.2003: pp58). He emphasises the fairness of the space of flows by stating that the first is linked to the third world via the space of flows. This justification however is sceptical and contradicts with his theory of nodes (Castells, M. 1996: pp413). Castells space of flows is made up of nodes. These are information gathering, communication and analysis hubs. These nodes are dependant upon the Network and their inclusion in the network is determined by their value to the network (Castells, M. 1996: pp413). My argument lies in Castells (1996) mentioning the link between the first world and third world, if inclusion into the network is determined by the value to the network then it isnt a matter of fairness but a matter of exploitation, something that has been common in capitalist systems. Under ideals and principles of a capitalist system, from evidence throughout the essay we can see capitalisms fundamental tool, which is control, has been a result or cause for the various elements of the Network Society. So as a concluding point, I would say that the Network Society is a more advanced form of capitalism, which is international, and carefully hidden. IOLS 2B Technology and Work Essay Name : Kubendran Govender Student Number : 202522553 Topic : Castells Network Society. REFERENCE 1. Castells, M. (1985) High Technology, space and society sage publications, inc 2. Castells, M (1996) The rise of the network society Blackwell publishers. 3. Castells, M and Inch (2003) Conservation with Manuell Casteller- blackwell publishers.4. Levy, P (1997) Cyberculture Paris, Edisions Odile Jacob 5. Stanier, T (1983) the wealth of information: a profile of the Post industrial economy London Methusen 6. Susser, I (2002) the Castells reader on cities and social theory Blackwell publishers. 7. Sylvia Downs, (1982) who learns whom training and development 8. Visvanathan, S (2001) knowledge and information in the network society http://www. indiaseminar. com 15/09/03 9. Webster, F (2002) Routledge 10. Wyatt et al (2000) technology and inequality Routledge.